India is a nation blessed with a vast coastline
stretching over 7,500 kilometers, has emerged as a key player in global
maritime trade
Fueling this trade are the numerous ports that
dot the Indian coast, serving as crucial entry and exit points for a wide range
of import and export activities.
But within this network, a specific group
stands out for their size, capacity, and overall contribution to the Indian
economy: the Major Ports.
Major Ports:
The Powerhouses of Indian Trade
There are currently 13 Major Ports in India, strategically located along both the
eastern and western coastlines.
These ports are under the direct administration
of the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways of the Government of India,
highlighting their national significance.
In
contrast, over 200 minor ports, also known as non-major ports, operate under
the control of respective state governments or private entities through Public
Private Partnership (PPP) models.
Here's what
differentiates Major Ports from their minor
Size and
Infrastructure: Major Ports boast superior infrastructure, including
deeper channels, larger cargo handling capacities and advanced technological
advancements to facilitate efficient cargo movement.
●
Traffic Volume: Major Ports
handle a significantly higher volume of cargo compared to minor ports.
They
cater to large vessels carrying bulk cargo, containerized goods, and
specialized cargo like petroleum products.
●
National
Importance: Major Ports play a vital role in India's international trade strategy.
They handle a substantial portion of the country's import and export needs, impacting various sectors like manufacturing, agriculture, and energy.
Exploring the Major Ports of India
Eastern Coast:
● Kolkata (West Bengal): The oldest operational
port in India, Kolkata serves as the gateway to eastern India and the
Northeast. It is a major center for coal, fertilizer, and containerized cargo movement.
● Paradip (Odisha): A prominent port for
handling bulk cargo like iron ore, coal, and crude oil, Paradip is
strategically located to serve the mineral-rich hinterland of Odisha.
● Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh): The largest
port on the eastern coast, Visakhapatnam handles a diverse cargo mix, including
coal, petroleum products, and container traffic. It is also a major center for
shipbuilding and repair.
● Chennai (Tamil Nadu): A prominent port for
handling containerized cargo, automobiles, and petroleum products, Chennai
caters to South India's trade needs.
● Tuticorin (Tamil Nadu): Located at the
southern tip of the Indian peninsula, Tuticorin is a major port for handling
coal, minerals and petroleum products. It is also emerging as a key center for
container traffic.
●
Ennore (Tamil
Nadu): A relatively new major port, Ennore is rapidly developing into
a major coal handling center, catering to the growing thermal power needs of
South India.
Western Coast:
●
Jawaharlal
Nehru Port (Maharashtra): The busiest
port in India, JNPT is a leading container terminal and plays a pivotal role in
India's international trade.
●
Mumbai
(Maharashtra): The historic port city of Mumbai continues to be a major
center for cargo movement, handling a diverse mix of goods, including
containers, petroleum products and bulk cargo.
● Marmugao (Goa): Located in Goa,
Marmugao is a major port for handling iron ore exports and also caters to the
import of coal and petroleum products.
● Cochin (Kerala): A prominent port on
the Malabar Coast, Cochin is known for its spice trade and also handles a
significant volume of containerized cargo, petroleum products and project
cargo.
● New Mangalore (Karnataka): A major port
for handling iron ore exports and also caters to the import of coal,
fertilizers and timber.
●
Deendayal Port
(Gujarat): A recently developed port, Deendayal Port is envisioned as a
major hub for handling bulk cargo, particularly coal and fertilizer.
The Future of India's
Major Ports
The Indian government is actively investing in
expanding the capacity and capabilities of its Major Ports.
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